Is It Legal To Possess Cannabis Seeds In Portugal?

Learn how Grower IQ helps you research and manage cannabis seeds

Imagine you have the opportunity to establish a cannabis plantation in Portugal. You have carefully selected a suitable location, developed a comprehensive growth strategy, and acquired all required materials. You may have overlooked the essential component of cannabis seeds. To ensure a successful start, this article will provide information regarding cannabis seeds, including their legality in Portugal.

Grower IQ’s cannabis production software can help you achieve your goals, like finding out if it’s legal to possess cannabis seeds in Portugal. The easy-to-use platform provides valuable insights to help you successfully research and manage your cannabis seeds.

What Are Cannabis Seeds?

Cannabis seeds are the starting point for growing cannabis plants. They contain the genetic material needed to develop into full-grown cannabis plants, either male or female. Just like other plant seeds, cannabis seeds are:

• Tiny
• Hard-shelled
• Usually brown
• Grey
• Tan in color
  

There are different types of cannabis seeds based on their genetics and how they grow:

Regular Cannabis Seeds: Nature’s Lottery

Regular seeds can grow into either male or female plants. Male plants are used for breeding, while female plants produce buds typically harvested for their THC or CBD content.

Feminized Cannabis Seeds: The Grower’s Choice

Feminized seeds are bred to produce only female plants, which are the ones that yield flowers or buds. Feminized seeds are popular among growers because they eliminate the guesswork of:

• Identifying 
• Removing male plants

Autoflowering Cannabis Seeds: The Best Seeds for Beginners

These seeds grow into plants that automatically flower after a certain period, regardless of the light cycle. They are easier for beginners since they don’t require as much control over light exposure.

Each type of cannabis seed is used depending on the grower’s goals and experience level. When planted in the right conditions, such as:

• Good soil
• Adequate light
• Water

Cannabis seeds germinate and begin their growth journey, eventually becoming plants used for medicinal or recreational purposes.

What Do You Use Cannabis Seeds For?

Cannabis seeds are essential for growing cannabis plants. Cultivating cannabis plants can be beneficial for a variety of purposes. Some growers produce cannabis for recreational purposes, cultivating plants with high tetrahydrocannabinol content. 

Other growers focus on:

• Cultivating cannabis for medicinal purposes
• Producing plants with high cannabidiol levels

Cannabis Applications

Cannabidiol exhibits therapeutic properties and can help relieve anxiety, pain, and other conditions. Additionally, certain cannabis varieties (especially industrial hemp) are cultivated for their fibers and seeds, which can be used for a variety of applications, including:

• Textiles 
• Paper 

Breeding New Cannabis Strains

Cannabis seeds are also critical for breeding new cannabis strains. Like other plants, cannabis plants reproduce through a process that involves:

• Male 
• Female plants

By collecting seeds from desirable plants or crossbreeding different strains, growers can develop new hybrids that exhibit specific traits. Cannabis breeding allows for the development of customized strains that suit individual preferences or particular environmental conditions.

Nutritional Benefits of Cannabis Seeds

Hemp seeds, which come from the cannabis sativa species, are highly nutritious and boast various health benefits. Hemp seeds contain essential fatty acids, including:

• Omega-3 and 
• Omega-6

Hemp Seed Nutrition

They are also protein-rich and contain all nine essential amino acids, making them a complete protein source. Hemp seeds are packed with vitamins and minerals, including:

• Vitamin E
• Magnesium
• Phosphorus
• Potassium

You can eat hemp seeds raw, add them to smoothies and salads, or use them to make protein powder or milk.

Cannabis Seeds in Cosmetic and Wellness Products

The oil extracted from cannabis seeds is widely used in the beauty and wellness industries. Hemp seed oil is praised for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties and is found in products like:

• Lotions
• Shampoos
• Soaps
• Skincare treatments

Feeding Livestock and Pets

In some cases, cannabis seeds are used as animal feed. Due to their high protein and fat content, they provide a nutrient-rich diet for:

• Livestock 
• Pets

Sustainable Products and Innovations 

Seeds and fibers from the cannabis plant are also used in creating biodegradable materials, such as:

• Plastics
• Paper
• Building materials

Hemp-based products are environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional materials, promoting sustainability. Cannabis seeds thus have diverse uses beyond cultivation, ranging from nutrition and wellness to sustainable products and innovations.

Related Reading

• CBD Legislation Portugal
• Hemp Plantation License

Portugal’s Laws On Cannabis Seeds

In Portugal, while personal use of cannabis has been decriminalized since 2001, the laws regarding cannabis seeds are stricter than one might expect. It is currently illegal to possess, purchase, or sell cannabis seeds unless you have an industrial license. 

This contrasts with the country’s relatively lenient approach to cannabis possession for personal use, which allows individuals to carry small amounts without facing criminal charges.

Licensing Requirements

The industrial license requirement means that only authorized entities can legally handle cannabis seeds for specific purposes, such as industrial hemp production. 

Even though individuals may grow hemp or cannabis for industrial uses under certain regulations, personal cultivation of cannabis remains illegal, and so does the personal possession of seeds without the proper licensing.

Regulatory Challenges

This strict regulation of seeds highlights Portugal’s cautious approach to cannabis cultivation, even though personal consumption of small amounts of cannabis is treated more leniently. 

Cannabis growers face challenges in managing reporting, documentation, and compliance requirements due to the complexity of regulatory frameworks, evolving legal standards, and the need for accurate record-keeping in a highly regulated industry.

GrowerIQ Software

At GrowerIQ, our software aims to provide cannabis growers with a comprehensive solution for:

• Managing their cultivation operations
• Ensuring compliance
• Optimizing quality
• Enhancing efficiency throughout the seed-to-sale process
• Uncomplicating the production process

We do this with our software, which offers a range of functionalities to assist cannabis growers, including: 

• Seed-to-Sale Tracking
• Quality Management
• Cultivation Planning

Software Solution

GrowerIQ provides cannabis growers with a comprehensive solution for:

• Managing their cultivation operations
• Ensuring compliance
• Optimizing quality
• Enhancing efficiency throughout the seed-to-sale process

General Cannabis Laws In Portugal

Producing, importing, and selling cannabis for medicinal purposes is permitted in Portugal. Portugal’s favorable climate and strategic location make it an ideal environment for cannabis cultivation and export. 

The country’s outdoor growing conditions allow for cannabis to be produced at a lower cost compared to other European countries, making it a competitive player in the global cannabis market.

Legal Framework for Cannabis Use: From Decriminalization to Legalization

Cannabis use in Portugal is decriminalized but must be prescribed by a doctor. The country is known for having some of the most progressive cannabis laws globally. In 2001, Portugal decriminalized personal cannabis use, shifting the focus from punishment to treatment, which led to a decrease in the number of drug users. 

Medicinal cannabis was later legalized in 2018, further expanding the legal framework surrounding cannabis use in the country. João Goulão, Portugal’s national drugs coordinator, played a significant role in pushing these legal changes.

Role of Infarmed I.P.: The Regulator of the Cannabis Market

All cannabis-related activities in Portugal require licensing from Infarmed I.P., the agency under the Portuguese Health Ministry responsible for:

• Regulating medicines 
• Health products

Infarmed I.P. ensures that all cannabis cultivation and production adhere to stringent public health standards.

How Long Do Cannabis Seeds Live?

Cannabis seeds can remain viable for several years, but their longevity depends on how they are stored. Under optimal conditions, cannabis seeds can stay viable for 2 to 5 years, or even longer in some cases. Here’s a breakdown of how long cannabis seeds can live and the factors that affect their lifespan:

Proper Storage Conditions 

• Cool Temperatures: Seeds stored in cool environments (between 41-50°F or 5-10°C) last much longer. For instance, storing them in a refrigerator can help extend their lifespan. 
• Dry Environment: Humidity is one of the biggest threats to seed longevity. Seeds should be kept in a dry environment with low humidity (ideally around 20-30%) to prevent mold and rot. 
• Darkness: Exposure to light can degrade cannabis seeds over time. Keeping them in a dark place, such as an opaque container or a sealed bag in a cool, dark space, can increase longevity.

Seed Quality 

The initial quality of the seeds plays a significant role in how long they can stay viable. Healthy, mature seeds with a hard outer shell will generally last longer than immature or damaged seeds.

Viability Over Time 

• First Year: Cannabis seeds typically have a high germination rate (around 90-100% viability) during the first year, assuming they are correctly stored.
• 2-3 Years: After 2-3 years, the viability rate may decline to about 70-80%, but many seeds can still sprout if stored well. 
• 4-5 Years: The viability rate drops beyond 4-5 years, but some seeds can still germinate. The success rate may be lower at this stage, but the seeds aren’t necessarily dead.

Extending Seed Life 

To further extend the life of cannabis seeds, some people use vacuum-sealed bags or airtight containers, along with desiccants (such as silica gel) to absorb moisture. 

Freezing cannabis seeds can also preserve them for long periods, although thawing must be done carefully to avoid damaging the seeds.

Related Reading

• Hemp Cultivation in Portugal
• Cannabis Portugal

Industrial Hemp In Portugal

Portugal has a long and rich history of hemp cultivation. Large swathes of the population once used hemp for various purposes, including the creation of ropes and sails. 

It is even said their reputation as great seafarers stems from their exceptional utilization of hemp. Today, like much of Europe, the production of industrial hemp is legal. As you might have guessed, some conditions must first be adhered to.

• Plants must contain no more than the 0.2% THC legal threshold.
• A permit must be obtained from Portugal’s Ministry of Agriculture.
• Hemp farms are subject to regular inspections throughout the year.

While the production of hemp in Portugal is heavily regulated, it is estimated that 14.2 hectares of hemp were cultivated between 2015 and 2018. 

The introduction of the medicinal cannabis laws in 2018 created a new set of problems for hemp farmers, with a new demand for marijuana that contained more than 0.2% THC. As a consequence, the cultivation of hemp had been temporarily put on hiatus until January 2022.

Medicinal Cannabis vs Recreational Cannabis In Portugal

Medicinal Cannabis in Portugal: A Prescription for Healing

In 2018, Portugal legalized the medicinal use of cannabis products. Under this legal framework, patients with specific medical conditions can access cannabis-based products with a prescription from a licensed healthcare professional. 

The medicinal cannabis market is regulated. Products must meet strict quality standards set by:

• Infarmed
• The Portuguese National Authority of Medicines 
• Health Products

Medicinal Cannabis

Medicinal cannabis is only available through pharmacies, and its use is restricted to treating certain conditions such as:

• Chronic pain
• Multiple sclerosis
• Some forms of epilepsy, among others

Recreational Cannabis in Portugal: Decriminalized, Not Legal

Recreational use of cannabis remains illegal in Portugal. However, the country has taken a progressive approach by decriminalizing the possession and use of small amounts of cannabis for personal use as part of its broader drug decriminalization policy implemented in 2001. 

This means that while recreational cannabis use is not legal, individuals caught with small quantities (up to 25 grams of cannabis or 5 grams of hashish) for personal use are not subject to criminal prosecution but instead may face administrative penalties, such as fines, or be referred to a treatment program.

The Future of Cannabis Legislation in Portugal: The Road to Legalization

As of June 2020, efforts have been made to advance legislation to legalize cannabis for non-medical use. Progress has been slow. Portugal has seen proposals from different political parties with varying approaches to state control and regulation, but a consensus has yet to be reached. 

The legislative process stalled in December 2021 when proposals expired with the end of the parliamentary session, putting Portugal behind other European countries in legalizing adult-use cannabis.

How To Get License To Grow Cannabis In Portugal

Infarmed I.P. is Portugal’s primary national authority overseeing cannabis:

• Cultivation
• Production
• Manufacturing
• Trade
• Distribution
• Import
• Export
• Transport
• Possession

Infarmed I.P. Authority

The agency establishes conditions and grants authorizations for various cannabis-related activities. Infarmed I.P. covers plants, substances, and preparations in Tables I to IV of Decree-Law No. 15/93. 

The organization operates within the limits defined by the country’s needs, prioritizing medical, veterinary, scientific, and educational interests as outlined in the same decree and Regulatory Decree No. 61/94.

What Is Ordinance 83/2021 and How Does It Help?

Ordinance 83/2021, issued on April 15, 2021, helps clarify various steps in the licensing process for cannabis-related activities. It also specifies the security requirements that must be met, including the necessity for a police inspection to ensure compliance. 

This ordinance helps streamline the licensing process, making it clearer for applicants to understand the requirements.

How Do I Apply for a Cannabis License?

Applications for authorizations to engage in activities such as:

• Cultivation
• Manufacturing
• Wholesale trade
• Import
• Export
• Transport
• Circulation of cannabis-based medicines 
• Substances must be submitted electronically

The Pedidos de licenciamento page provides access to the necessary forms and drafts for these licensing requests. Applicants can use the Portal Licenciamento to:

• Submit and monitor their applications
• Make payments
• Respond to requests for additional information
• Receive decisions, authorizations, permits, or certificates

Licensing Portal

This portal is essential for entities involved in the wholesale distribution of drugs, medical devices, and active substances, as well as those in the:

• Manufacturing 
• Drug intermediation activities

What Are the Compliance Requirements?

All licenses granted by Infarmed I.P. require strict adherence to:

• Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
• Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
• Good Distribution Practices (GDP)

An authorization and a certificate of Good Practices from a community model are issued and made publicly available on the European EudraGMDP database for manufacturing and wholesale activities. This ensures that licensed activities meet the high standards required for quality and safety.

What About Import, Export, and Transit Operations?  

Each import, export, and transit operation involving cannabis requires an Official Import, Export, or Transit Certificate. Applicants must submit the appropriate application and fee payment guide for these operations. This process ensures that all international movements of cannabis products are properly documented and regulated.

Is There an Annual Application Requirement?

Yes. Annual applications are required for an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for medicinal products that have well-recognized clinical benefits. 

Applicants must submit this application during September. This requirement ensures that such products are available for medical use under regulated conditions.

What Does the Licensing System Look Like?

The licensing system includes a pre-license/provisional license system. Licenses may be obtained for:

• Cultivation – €3,000
• Manufacture – €3,000
• Wholesale trade – €1,000
• Import – €1,200
• Export – €1,200
• Transit – €1,000

What Are the Restrictions?

The license holder is not authorized to use these medicines or substances themselves.

Related Reading

• Industrial Hemp
• Cannabis Companies Portugal
• Cannabis Cultivation Portugal
• How to Sell Cannabis in Portugal

Uncomplicate Your Cannabis Production Today With GrowerIQ!

Cannabis growers face challenges in managing reporting, documentation, and compliance requirements due to the complexity of regulatory frameworks, evolving legal standards, and the need for accurate record-keeping in a highly regulated industry. 

At GrowerIQ, our software aims to provide cannabis growers with a comprehensive solution for:

• Managing their cultivation operations
• Ensuring compliance
• Optimizing quality
• Enhancing efficiency throughout the seed-to-sale process and simplifying the production process overall

Software Features

We do this with our software, which offers a range of functionalities to assist cannabis growers, including:

• Seed-to-Sale Tracking
• Quality Management
• Cultivation Planning

GrowerIQ provides cannabis growers with a comprehensive solution for:

• Managing their cultivation operations
• Ensuring compliance
• Optimizing quality
• Enhancing efficiency throughout the seed-to-sale process.